|
In Islam, the Quran strongly enjoins Muslims to treat animals with compassion and not to abuse them.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ANIMAL RIGHTS IN ISLAM )〕 All creatures are believed to praise God, even if this praise is not expressed in human language.〔See 〕〔"Islam, Animals, and Vegetarianism" in the ''Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature'' (Bron Taylor (chief ed.), Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd, 2008).〕 The Quran explicitly allows the eating of the meat of certain ''halal'' (lawful) animals.〔〔See 〕 Although some Sufis have practiced vegetarianism, there has been no serious discourse on the possibility of vegetarian interpretations.〔 Certain animals can be eaten under the condition that they are slaughtered in a specified way,〔Javed Ahmad Ghamidi (2001): (The Dietary Laws )〕 which has been criticised by animal rights activists. Prohibitions include swine, carrion,〔John Esposito (2002b), p.111〕 and animals ''dhabihah'' (ritual slaughter) in the name of someone other than God.〔 The Quran also states "eat of that over which the name of God ( '), hath been mentioned".〔See 〕 == Animals in pre-Islamic Arabia == In pre-Islamic Arabia, Arab Bedouin, like other people, attributed the qualities and the faults of humans to animals. Generosity, for example, was attributed to the cock; perfidy to the lizard; stupidity to the bustard; and boldness to the lion.〔 Based on the facts that the names of certain tribes bear the names of animals, survivals of animal cults, prohibitions of certain foods and other indications, W. R. Smith argued for the practice of totemism by certain tribes of Arabia. Others have argued that these evidences may only imply practice of a form of animalism. In support of this, for example, it was believed that upon one's death, the soul departs from the body in the form of a bird (usually a sort of owl); the soul-as-bird then flies about the tomb for some time, occasionally crying out (for vengeance). Although Muhammad rejected this belief, it persisted under Islam in various forms ("All creatures on earth are sentient beings. There is not an animal on earth, nor a bird that flies on its wings – but they are communities like you.").〔 == Quran == Although over two hundred verses in the Quran deal with animals and six ''suras'' (chapters) of the Quran are named after animals, animal life is not a predominant theme in the Quran;〔"Animal life" in the ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an''.〕 ''haywan'', the Arabic word meaning "animal" (plural ''haywanat'') makes one appearance.〔"Hayawān" ("Haywan") in the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (vol. 3, p. 308).〕〔 On the other hand, the term ''dābba'', usually taken to mean "beast of burden", occurs a number of times in the Quran while remaining rare in medieval Arabic works on zoology. By implication, animals in the Quran and early Muslim thought are usually seen solely in terms of their relation to human beings, producing a tendency toward anthropocentrism.〔 The Quran applies the word "Muslim" not only to humans but also to other animals and the inanimate world. "The divine will manifests itself in the form of laws both in human society and in the world of nature." In Islamic terminology, for example, a bee is a Muslim precisely because it lives and dies obeying the ''sharia'' that God has prescribed for the community of bees, just as a person is a Muslim by virtue of the fact that he or she submits to the revealed ''sharia'' ordained for humans in the Quran and ''Sunnah''.〔"Islam" in the ''Encyclopedia of Science and Religion'' (op. cit.)〕 The Quran strongly enjoins Muslims to treat animals with compassion and not to abuse them. The Quran states that all creation praises God, even if this praise is not expressed in human language.〔〔 In verse , the Quran applies the term ''ummah'', generally used to mean "a human religious community", for genera of animals. The ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'' states that this verse has been "far reaching in its moral and ecological implications."〔"Community and Society and Qur'an" in the ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'' (vol. 1, p. 371)〕 According to many verses of the Quran,〔See and )〕 the consumption of pork is sinful,〔 unless there is no alternative other than starving to death (in times, for example, of war or famine). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Animals in Islam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|